Zhuyin, Hanyu Pinyin, and Tongyong Pinyin Cross-Reference Table

Introduction

The table lists zhuyin, hanyu pinyin, and tongyong pinyin spellings for the 416 Mandarin syllables. The set of syllables was adopted from Wang (1998, p. 98). The hanyu pinyin spellings were adopted from DeFrancis (1996). The tongyong pinyin spellings were reconstructed from the zhuyin-tongyong mapping table provided by Hsueh's (2000) Ziran Pinyin Dajia Tan (Discussing About Natural [Tongyong] Pinyin) website. Since the tongyong pinyin spellings were reconstructed, I cannot guarantee that the table is 100% accurate. If you should find any errors, please let me know. (A month after the compilation of this mapping table, the Mandarin Commission of the Minister of Education finally made the final version of the draft for tongyong pinyin available on the web in mid-November, 2000. I have verified my table with this recently released draft, and everything appears to be up-to-date.)

The table was originally compiled for use in a study comparing similarities between tongyong pinyin and hanyu pinyin at syllable and word levels (Tsai, 2000a). A write-up of the study is available online: Similarities between tongyong pinyin and hanyu pinyin: Comparisons at the syllable and word levels. It is written in English, but translated Chinese versions (traditional Chinese [BIG5] and simplified Chinese [GB]) are also available.

The table was also used in another study on tongyong pinyin (Tsai, 2000b), also available online: The Response Conflict Problem in Reading Tongyong Pinyin: A Cognitive Perspective. Also written in English, but translated Chinese versions (traditional Chinese [BIG5] and simplified Chinese [GB]) are also available.

The table consists of four columns: zhuyin (in Unicode or Chinese BIG5 encoding), hanyu pinyin, tongyong pinyin, and frequency of occurrence (per million). The frequency information is derived from data generated by the work cited above. Syllables spelled differently by the two pinyin systems are marked with light blue background. Syllables listed in Wang (1998) but not listed in ISO 7098:1991 are marked with "(+)". Syllables listed in ISO 7098:1991 but not listed in Wang (1998) are marked with "(-)".

References

DeFrancis, J. (1996). ABC Chinese-English dictionary. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Hsueh, Y.-M. (2000). Ziran pinyin dajia tan [Discussing natural (tongyong) pinyin] [On-line]. Available http://www.chinesewaytogo.org/waytogo/expert/pinyin/pinying.htm

Wang, H.-M. (1998). Statistical analysis of Mandarin acoustic units and automatic extraction of phonetically rich sentences based upon a very large Chinese text corpus. Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing, 3, 93-114.

Tsai, C.-H. (2000a). Similarities between tongyong pinyin and hanyu pinyin: Comparisons at the syllable and word levels [On-line]. Avaliable http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-comparison.html

Tsai, C.-H. (2000b). The response conflict problem in reading tongyong pinyin: A cognitive perspective[On-line]. Avaliable http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-response-conflict.html

The Table